Wrench



April 0, 1934. E. z. MIQUELOEI 1,954,141

WRENCH Filed Aug. 5, 1932 j A z W1 9 TN VENTWZ.

Patented Apr. 10, 1934 WRENCH Edward Z. Miquelon, Hugo, Minn., assignor of eleven-twelfths to Albert G. W. Nelson, Scandia, Minn., and one-twelfth to John Rosell, Marine on St. Croix, Minn.

A pplication August 5, 1932, Serial No. 627,572

1 Claim.

My invention relates to wrenches of a new and useful construction and particularly designed for the stationary jaw type of wrenches either the so-called end Wrenches or box wrenches.

The main object is to provide a simple, highly efficient and inexpensive Wrench adapted to be used without removal from the nut or bolt-head to which it is applied the wrench comprising a single integral forging or the like, as hereinafter fully set forth reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which,-

Fig. 1 is a top or plan view of the box or socket type of my wrench in position to turn a hexagon nut and Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 modified to show the wrench in a turned position about to start a new grip on the nutv Fig. 3 is a partly sectional longitudinal edge view of the wrench shown in Fig. 1 showing the full length of wrench handle.

Figs. 4 and 5 are top views of my improved wrench in the so-called open or end wrench type and as applied to a hexagon and a square nut respectively.

Fig. 6 is a modification of Fig. 4.

Referring to the drawing by reference letters A designates the shank or handle of my improved wrench, of the usual elongated, fiat form and which may be provided at either or both ends with the nut engaging means presently to be described.

' A preferred form of my improved wrench is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 comprising an enlargement or head B integral of either or both ends of handle A, and formed with a slightly elongated opening or aperture C the conformation of which constitutes the main features of my invention the same general features being embodied also in the end-wrench types illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6.

40 D designates a hexagon nut, D a square nut and E the bolt of either, or D (Fig. 5) may represent a square bolt head.

The wrench head B of the box wrench is shown as of elliptic form the longitudinal center line 45 thereof being in alinement with the wrench handle though not necessarily being thus made. For convenience of description and because hexagon nuts are most commonly used the latter type of nut is shown in all views except Fig. 5.

50 The aperture 0 of the wrench head B has two forwardly converging faces F and F of which F,

the upper one, converges at its upper extremity with another irregular face F opposite and parallel to which is a lower plain and straight face F extending rearwardly from its convergence with face F F is a rear upper face parallel to F extending downwardly in a straight line to converge at G with a downwardly and forwardly directed curvature of face F connected in a rounding F to the rear part of lower face F The upper irregular face F of the wrench aperture extends from its convergence G with face F rearwardly in an upwardly and rearwardly sweeping curve to an inwardly directed tooth T the inner extremity or apex of which is preferably formed with a slight flat surface T (see Fig. 2). The rear face of said tooth may terminate: in a curvature at T where it converges with theupper extremity of the rear face F of the aperture. The faces of the aperture C are thus six in number and each adjacent pair of faces extend in angular lines the hexagon aperture thus formed being as stated slightly elongated.

In the use of my preferred type of wrench (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) and assuming for illustration that the nut D is to be tightened direction of turning must be as indicated by arrow H in Fig. l. The wrench head is merely placed over the nut in a common plane with the latter face F of the aperture bearing against the rear and upper face of the nut D. Simultaneously tooth T contacts with the upper face of the nut intermediate its ends, and the lower face F contacts with the nut at D about diametrically opposite from the contact of tooth T. Turning handle A as indicated by arrow H will forcibly turn the nut. To get a new grip on the nut the wrench must be turned as indicated by arrow H (Fig.

1). In doing the latter the wrench may be first pulled slightly to the right while turning it, releasing tooth T and face F from contact. Between points G of the wrench and corner D of the nut the faces F and F are of. such conformation that there is no contact with the nut and clearance is provided permitting the wrench head to be swung pivotally so that tooth T may ride over the upper left corner D freely as illustrated in Fig. 2 to get a new grip on face D of the nut adjacent to the face'thereof first engaged. At this time the forward two faces of the wrench opening, F and F are adjacent to the corresponding faces of the not (see Fig. 2) the wrench is slipped forward and tooth T brought into contact with face D and face F into contact with opposite side of nut to provide the next grip on the nut, for turning it.

When the wrench is in gripping contact on a nut as in Fig. 1 it is'obvious that a clearance K externally of the nut is formed between the tooth T the nut, and the adjacent rear face I of the wrench head. Thus if any grit or other foreign matter is present on the nut faces it is forced into said clearance K and minimizes the danger of the wrench slipping.

In Figures 4, 5 and 6 the wrench head is of the open or so-called end wrench type. In this type the wrench head is open exteriorly and there is no integral outer arched or ring part of the head with the faces F and F and F All other parts, contacts etc, are however of the same contour as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 and given like designating letters, except in Fig. 6 which differs only in the following construction,-

Instead of the rear upper angular face F of the socket the corresponding face of the wrench in Fig. 6 extends downwardly from the lower rear face of tooth T in a forwardly directed projection F which has a comparatively short face contacting with the rear upper face of the nut, intermediate its ends, thence arched inwardly to clear the nut and converges with the upper extremity of the curved face F of the wrench head (as at F forming a continuous inwardly arched face or curvature providing a clear opening J between the nut and from projection F to the lower and forward contacting part of face F of the wrench. The purpose of this construction is to provide for actual contact of the nut at points intermediate its outer corners so that if such corners happen to be distorted in any manner the danger of wrench slippage is eliminated. For example, if any or all of the three rear corners of nut D (in Fig. 6) should be distorted the wrench contacts at F T and F are not affected when the wrench is turned to turn the nut whereas if face F of the wrench is straight (as in Fig. 1) and therear corner of nut D should protrude, the said face F could not bear properly against the corresponding nut face and tooth T would grip too close to the adjacent inner corner of the nut and when force is applied to the wrench said tooth would be forced over said corner.

In Fig. 5 is illustrated how my improyed wrench is also applicable to square nuts or square bolt heads, the tooth T merely engaging upper face of the nut inwardly of its right side face and the lower jaw face F of the head simultaneously contacting with the lower face of the nut about diametrically opposite from the tooth contact.

I claim:

A wrench comprising a single integral handle and nut engaging head, said handle comprising an elongated grip member and the head extending endwise therefrom consisting of an enlargement formed with an outwardly directed jaw to straddle a bolt head or nut, said jaw formed with an irregularly curved face with a single inwardly projecting tooth arranged to engage an outer face of a nut intermediate its ends, an adjoining inner and angular face to simultaneously engage the adjoining inner face of the nut, said jaw formed further with a curved face below said latter inner face and merging in a curvature clear of the exterior of the nut and a forwardly directed face adapted to engage a forward corner part of the nut face diametrically opposite from the face thereof engaged by the said tooth, said first described irregular face of the nut-engaging head and said latter forwardly directed face part of the inner face of the jaw being proportioned to engage a nut as described when the wrench bears inwardly toward the nut and having clearances when the wrench is turned to ride over the diagonally opposite corners of the nut when the wrench is held loosely and retracted from contact position While turning the latter, said wrench further formed with a forward arcuate and integral inclosure formed with two adjoining inwardly exposed angular faces to form in connection with the first described faces a slightly elongated approximately hexagonal opening in the head.

EDWARD Z. MIQUELON. 

